compulsory cooperation between universities and industries
出自-2011年12月閱讀原文
柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典釋義
ADJ
強制性的;強迫的；義務的
If something is compulsory, you must do it or accept it, because it is the law or because someone in a position of authority says you must.
例句
In East Germany learning Russian was compulsory...在東德，俄語是必修課。Many young men are trying to get away from compulsory military conscription.很多年輕人試圖逃避強制征兵的政策。
英漢詞典釋義
adj.
（因法律或規則而）必須做的，強制的，強迫的
Is English a compulsory subject?英語是必修課嗎?Attendance at the meeting is compulsory.會議是必須參加的。
英英詞典釋義
Adjective
1. required by rule;
"in most schools physical education are compulsory""attendance is mandatory""required reading"