about ：常可分almost和nearly換用，但about用于表示時間、數(shù)量的"大約"時，實(shí)際數(shù)量可能多也可能少。
approximately ：多用于書面語，指精確度接近某個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以致誤差可忽略不計。
around ：多用于非正式場合，常見于美國英語。
roughly ：指按精略估計，常代替about。
英語四級真題
More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underemployed — roughly 25 million workers.
出自-2013年6月閱讀原文
英語六級真題
Stored underground in large salt caves in Louisiana, this stockpile is called the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, and currently contains over 600 million barrels of oil, roughly equivalent to one month's supply.
出自-2013年6月閱讀原文
Among public colleges and universities, the number drops to roughly one in 10.
出自-2013年12月閱讀原文
Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation.
出自-2011年6月閱讀原文
柯林斯高階英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典釋義
ADJ-GRADED
(表面)粗糙不平的，不光滑的
If a surface is rough, it is uneven and not smooth.
例句
His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice...由于多年練習(xí)空手道，他的雙手粗糙不平，布滿老繭。Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.格雷斯緩慢地走過高低不平的地面。
ADJ-GRADED
(人或行為)粗暴的，粗野的，粗魯?shù)?/div>
You say that people or their actions are rough when they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness.
例句
Rugby's a rough game at the best of times...即使是在比賽最不激烈的時候，橄欖球也是一種粗野的運(yùn)動。They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.他們抗議遭受歧視，而且偶爾還會遭到粗暴的對待。
ADJ-GRADED
(地區(qū)、城市、學(xué)校等)危險的，充斥暴力的，犯罪率高的
A rough area, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there.
例句
It was quite a rough part of our town.這是我們城里犯罪率很高的地區(qū)。
ADJ-GRADED
(日子)艱難的，困難的，不愉快的
If you say that someone has had a rough time, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences.
例句
All women have a rough time in our society...在我們的社會中，所有女性的日子都不好過。Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.他知道明天將會是艱難的一天。
ADJ-GRADED
身體不適的;不舒服的
If you feel rough, you feel ill.
例句
The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bit rough.病毒無法清除，這個小伙子仍然覺得有點(diǎn)不舒服。
ADJ-GRADED
(計算、猜測)大概的，粗略的，不精確的
A rough calculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact.
例句
We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required...我們只能對所需燃料作一個粗略的估計。As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.作為一個大致的參照，一匹馬每天需要吃相當(dāng)于其體重2.5％的食物。
ADJ-GRADED
(想法、描述)粗略的，簡略的，大致的;(圖畫)簡筆的
If you give someone a rough idea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail.
例句
I've got a rough idea of what he looks like...我已經(jīng)大致知道他長什么樣子了。It often helps to make a rough sketch showing where the vehicles were.畫一個簡略的草圖標(biāo)示車輛當(dāng)時所在的位置往往很有用。
ADJ-GRADED
做工粗糙的;不精致的;簡陋的
You can say that something is rough when it is not neat and well made.
例句
...a rough wooden table.做工粗糙的木桌子...chairs set in a rough circle in the middle of the room.房間中央大致圍成一圈的椅子
ADJ-GRADED
(天氣)惡劣的，狂風(fēng)暴雨的;(海面)波浪滔天的
If the sea or the weather at sea is rough, the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves.
例句
A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.一艘捕魚船和一艘貨船在波濤洶涌的海上相撞了。
ADV
風(fēng)餐露宿地;無家可歸地;流浪地
When people sleep or live rough, they sleep out of doors, usually because they have no home.
例句
It makes me so sad when I see young people begging or sleeping rough on the streets.我看到年輕人沿街乞討、露宿街頭，心里會非常難過。
VERB
過（從前沒有過的）艱苦的生活
If you have to rough it, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have.
例句
You won't be roughing it; each room comes equipped with a telephone and a 3-channel radio.你不會過得太艱苦;每個房間都配備了一部電話和一臺可以接收3個頻道的收音機(jī)。
英漢詞典釋義
adv.
粗略地;大體上;大致上
He roughly examined the old records.他粗略地檢查了一下舊記錄。He roughly outlined the plot of the opera.他粗略地概述了歌劇的情節(jié)。The newspaper reports of the discussion only roughly approximated to what was actually said.報紙上只是粗略地報道了這次討論的大概情況。The crater was two miles across and roughly circular.這個火山口2 英里寬，差不多是一個圓形。The island is roughly circular in shape.這個島嶼大致是圓形的。The amount of food a child needs is roughly proportional to its size.小孩需要的食物量與他的個頭大致成比例。The company employs men and women in roughly equal proportions.公司聘用的男員工與女員工人數(shù)大致相等。
粗暴地;粗魯?shù)?/div>
He pushed her roughly out of the door.他粗魯?shù)匕阉瞥鲩T外。The little boy was pushed roughly aside.小男孩被粗暴地推到一邊。He shoved me roughly aside.他粗暴地把我推到了一邊。Sam put the cat out of the door roughly.薩姆粗暴地把貓趕出門外。Many of the prisoners were roughly handled; some were killed.很多囚犯受到了粗暴的對待；有些甚至被整死了。If you treat your coat so roughly,it will be worn out soon.你如果這么糟蹋你的外套,它很快就不能穿了。
粗亂地;隨便地
He wanted to trace roughly.他想草草地勾畫。
英英詞典釋義
Adverb
1. (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct;
"lasted approximately an hour""in just about a minute""he's about 30 years old""I've had about all I can stand""we meet about once a month""some forty people came""weighs around a hundred pounds""roughly $3,000""holds 3 gallons, more or less""20 or so people were at the party"
2. with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly');
"he was pushed roughly aside""they treated him rough"